package pl.wr.particle.def.matter.elementary.hypothetical.others;

import pl.wr.particle.def.matter.typeparticle.IHypotethicalParticle;

/**
 * A magnetic monopole is a hypothetical particle in particle physics that is a
 * magnet with only one magnetic pole (a north pole without a south pole or
 * vice-versa).[1][2] In more technical terms, a magnetic monopole would have a
 * net "magnetic charge". Modern interest in the concept stems from particle
 * theories, notably the grand unified and superstring theories, which predict
 * their existence.[3][4] Magnetism in bar magnets and electromagnets does not
 * arise from magnetic monopoles, and in fact there is no conclusive
 * experimental evidence that magnetic monopoles exist at all in the universe.
 * Many early scientists attributed the magnetism of lodestones to two different
 * "magnetic fluids" ("effluvia"), a north-pole fluid at one end and a
 * south-pole fluid at the other, which attracted and repelled each other in
 * analogy to positive and negative electric charge.[5][6] However, an improved
 * understanding of electromagnetism in the nineteenth century showed that the
 * magnetism of lodestones was caused by something else, not magnetic monopole
 * fluids. It was concluded that magnetic monopoles did not exist: One of
 * Maxwell's equations, now called Gauss's law for magnetism, is the
 * mathematical statement that there are no magnetic monopoles. Nevertheless, it
 * was pointed out by Pierre Curie in 1894[7] that magnetic monopoles could
 * conceivably exist, despite not having been seen so far. The quantum theory of
 * magnetic charge started with a paper by the physicist Paul A.M. Dirac in
 * 1931.[8] In this paper, Dirac showed that if any magnetic monopoles exist in
 * the universe, then all electric charge in the universe must be quantized.[9]
 * The electric charge is, in fact, quantized, which suggests (but does not
 * necessarily prove) that monopoles exist.[9] Since Dirac's paper, several
 * systematic monopole searches have been performed. Experiments in 1975[10] and
 * 1982[11] produced candidate events that were initially interpreted as
 * monopoles, but are now regarded as inconclusive.[12] Therefore, it remains an
 * open question whether or not monopoles exist. Further advances in theoretical
 * particle physics, particularly developments in grand unified theories and
 * quantum gravity, have led to more compelling arguments that monopoles do
 * exist. Joseph Polchinski, a prominent string-theorist, described the
 * existence of monopoles as
 * "one of the safest bets that one can make about physics not yet seen".[13]
 * These theories are not necessarily inconsistent with the experimental
 * evidence. In some theoretical models, magnetic monopoles are unlikely to be
 * observed, because they are too massive to be created in particle
 * accelerators, and also too rare in the Universe to enter a particle detector
 * with much probability.[13] Some condensed matter systems propose a structure
 * superficially similar to a magnetic monopole, known as a flux tube. The ends
 * of a flux tube form a magnetic dipole, but since they move independently,
 * they can be treated for many purposes as independent magnetic monopole
 * quasiparticles. Since 2009, numerous news reports from the popular media have
 * incorrectly described these systems as the long-awaited discovery of the
 * magnetic monopoles, but the two phenomena are only superficially related to
 * one another.[14] These condensed-matter systems continue to be an area of
 * active research. (See "Monopoles" in condensed-matter systems below.)
 * 
 * Monopol magnetyczny – hipotetyczna cząstka wprowadzona w 1931 [Dirac P.A.M.,
 * Proc. Roy.. Soc., A133, 60 (1931)] przez Paula Adriena Maurice'a Diraca,
 * posiadająca tylko jeden biegun magnetyczny. Jej istnienie przewidują niektóre
 * teorie wielkiej unifikacji. Monopole magnetyczne, jeśli istnieją, są
 * cząstkami bardzo masywnymi. Mogły one powstać we wczesnych etapach ewolucji
 * Wszechświata, w związku z czym do dziś prowadzone są eksperymenty, mające na
 * celu wykrycie monopolu w promieniowaniu kosmicznym. Jak dotąd żaden z nich
 * nie potwierdził istnienia tych cząstek. Wyjaśnienie tego jest jednym z celów
 * hipotezy inflacji. Ładunki magnetyczne pojawiały się w pierwszych podejściach
 * do magnetostatyki, analogicznych do elektrostatyki. Jako masa magnetyczna
 * pojęcie to wciąż jest czasem używane do celów praktycznych.
 * 
 * @version 1.0
 * @author wieslaw.rodak
 *
 */
public interface IMagneticMonopole extends IHypotethicalParticle{

	String SYMBOL = "m";
}
